Related: simcaq/SCRUM#210

SQL now is using new schema

Change SQL queries in the following routes:

* city
* state
* region
* school
* enrollment

Also, change tests to reflect the new schema where appropriate. Specially in the case of cities, the primary key now becomes pk_cod_ibge (city IBGE code) and, therefore, any query that relies on the city id should use this value instead of the old primary key.

Aliases of fields that have different names were added to ensure compatibility with the UI of LDE.

Please refer to the database repository in order to understand how the current schema works. The corresponding ER diagram can be located there.

Also the req.sql attribute is being created ("injected") before all routes

Related: simcaq/SCRUM#18

Changing apps to follow suggested practices from documentation
and centralizing prefix /api/v1 in the app module.

Signed-off-by: João Victor Tozatti Risso <jvtr12@inf.ufpr.br>

Signed-off-by: João Victor Tozatti Risso <jvtr12@inf.ufpr.br>

Changes in this commit:
- Singularize all routes and components
- Separate different modules into their own source files
- Rename the API module to enrollment and add a more general API module
- Resources that are related to a route, are now under its scope. For
  example, the year range of the enrollment component is now under the
  route /v1/enrollment/year_range
- Implement a thenable function to execute the queries against the
  database to reduce the amount of duplicated code in the application. This
  approach also allows several concurrent queries to run concurrently in the
  same route.